[New methods of tuberculosis diagnostics].

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Medical Diagnostics
• Microbiology

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global infectious cause of death, with millions of annual cases.
• Delayed or missed TB diagnoses exacerbate transmission and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings.
• Current diagnostic standards include microscopy, culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current tuberculosis diagnostic standards.
• To highlight innovative diagnostic approaches for tuberculosis disease.
• To assess the potential of new technologies to improve TB diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Review of current tuberculosis diagnostic standards.
• Exploration of novel diagnostic innovations.
• Assessment of emerging technologies like PCR, CRISPR, AI, and non-invasive sampling.

Main Results:

• Current TB diagnostics face limitations in speed and accessibility.
• Promising innovations include stool PCR, CRISPR-based cfDNA detection, transcriptomic signatures, MBLA, LAM detection, and non-invasive sampling.
• Advancements in imaging and AI show potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Novel diagnostic strategies offer potential to accelerate and simplify tuberculosis detection.
• Technological advancements are crucial for improving global TB diagnosis and control efforts.
• Future TB diagnostics may leverage non-invasive methods and AI for greater efficiency.