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High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

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Jiacheng Xie¹, Weifeng Wu², Mohan Shen¹

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Nature Communications

|September 29, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed ultrathin lithium niobate resonators reaching 220 GHz for quantum phononics. This advancement in terahertz nanomechanics requires mitigating surface defects in thin films for future progress.

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Area of Science:

Solid State Physics
Quantum Optics
Materials Science

Background:

Electromechanical resonators are advancing towards terahertz (THz) frequencies, offering vast bandwidths for phononic signal processing.
Quantum phononics utilizes mechanical resonators at THz frequencies, enabling operation in the quantum ground state at Kelvin temperatures, reducing cooling requirements compared to GHz resonators.
Electrical actuation and detection at THz frequencies are challenging due to the need for device miniaturization to support nanometer-scale acoustic wavelengths.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the fabrication of suspended Lamb-wave resonators using ultrathin lithium niobate films.
To explore the impact of film thickness reduction on resonant frequency and acoustic losses.
To approach the terahertz threshold for electromechanical resonators.

Main Methods:

Lithium niobate films were thinned from 300 nm to 67 nm through multiple stages.
Suspended Lamb-wave resonators were fabricated at each thickness level.
Resonant frequencies and acoustic losses were characterized for resonators with varying film thicknesses.

Main Results:

Resonators fabricated with thinned lithium niobate achieved resonant frequencies near 220 GHz, doubling previous records.
The study demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high frequencies with sub-100 nm thin films.
Ultrathin films showed increased frequency but also higher acoustic losses.

Conclusions:

Future advancements in terahertz nanomechanics are critically dependent on addressing surface defects in sub-100 nm thin films.
The results highlight the trade-off between frequency enhancement and acoustic losses in ultrathin piezoelectric films.
This work paves the way for exploring quantum phenomena at higher frequencies with reduced cooling demands.