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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Determination01:51

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Fates and perspectives.

Yi-Lin He1, Si-Jia Chen2, Deng-Sheng Xia3

  • 1Department of General Dentistry and Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Beijing 100050, China.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|September 30, 2025
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Neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NC-MSCs) show great regenerative potential, especially for neural and craniofacial tissues. Challenges in adult NC-MSC use necessitate further research for safe and effective clinical translation.

Keywords:
Clinical trialsDevelopmentMesenchymal stem cellNeural crestPluripotent stem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NC-MSCs) possess unique embryonic origins and potent differentiation capabilities.
  • NC-MSCs offer superior regenerative potential for neural and craniofacial tissues compared to conventional mesenchymal stem cells.
  • Dental stem cells are a promising source of NC-MSCs for periodontal and endodontic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of NC-MSC biology, including developmental origins and molecular characteristics.
  • To review current applications of NC-MSCs in regenerative medicine.
  • To critically evaluate challenges and future directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NC-MSC biology, applications, and challenges.
  • Analysis of developmental origins and molecular characteristics.
  • Evaluation of existing research on NC-MSC therapeutic potential and limitations.

Main Results:

  • NC-MSCs exhibit significant promise in neural and craniofacial tissue regeneration.
  • Adult NC-MSCs face challenges such as donor site limitations, heterogeneity, and scalability.
  • In vitro generation of NC-MSCs from pluripotent stem cells offers potential but requires safety assessment for tumorigenicity and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized protocols, improved characterization, and rigorous preclinical studies are crucial for clinical translation of NC-MSCs.
  • Addressing safety concerns like tumorigenicity is essential for therapeutic implementation.
  • NC-MSCs hold substantial promise for regenerative medicine if challenges are overcome.