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Local and Global Visual Processing in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies
Yating Huang1, Hjalmar Nobel Norrman2, Manuel Oliva2
1Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 11364, Stockholm, Sweden. yating.huang@ki.se.
Autistic individuals show distinct brain activation patterns during visual processing tasks compared to controls. This study reveals differences in visual cortex and parietal region engagement, highlighting unique neural mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC).
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is associated with atypical visual processing, affecting both local and global visual information.
- Previous research indicates brain activation differences in individuals with ASC during various visual tasks.
- A detailed understanding of the neural basis of detail-oriented visual attention in ASC is still needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze brain imaging studies on local and global visual processing in individuals with ASC.
- To investigate differences in brain activation between individuals with ASC and neurotypical controls (CON) during visual tasks.
- To clarify the neural mechanisms underlying detail-oriented visual attention in ASC.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a systematic review and Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis.
- Included 15 studies comprising 252 individuals with ASC and 263 CON.
- Analyzed tasks focusing on local visual processing (details) versus global visual processing (configurations).
Main Results:
- Greater activation in the right inferior occipital gyrus (BA 19) was observed in individuals with ASC compared to CON.
- Within-group analysis revealed activation in the thalamus and middle occipital gyrus (BA 19) for the ASC group.
- The CON group showed activation in the inferior parietal lobule (BA 40).
Conclusions:
- Findings support theories of altered local and global visual processing in ASC.
- Autistic individuals may utilize the visual cortex more for visual processing tasks.
- Neurotypical individuals may rely more on parietal regions for visual processing.
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