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A Versatile Automated Platform for Micro-scale Cell Stimulation Experiments

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Micro-Analytical Lab-on-a-Tip: Advances and Perspectives.

Panagiota M Kalligosfyri¹, Shohreh Madani², Antonella Miglione¹

¹Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.

Analytical Chemistry

|September 30, 2025

Summary

Pipet tip-based sensors offer low-cost, portable chemical analysis for on-site detection. These versatile "lab-on-a-tip" systems integrate electrochemical and optical methods for diverse applications, promoting green analytical chemistry.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Miniaturized analytical tools are transforming chemical analysis.
Pipet tip-based sensors offer versatile, low-cost, portable platforms for on-site detection.
These devices repurpose pipet tips as microreactors or sensor holders, integrating electrochemical and optical elements.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in pipet tip-based analytical devices.
To highlight the transformation of these devices into multifunctional sensing platforms.
To summarize key trends, design strategies, and applications.

Main Methods:

Integration of microelectrodes, nanomaterials, and 3D-printed components for sensitive electroanalysis.
Utilization of optical systems (colorimetric, fluorescence) for rapid, multiplexed detection.
Incorporation of filter paper, hydrogels, polymer networks, and smart materials for enhanced functionality.

Main Results:

Pipet tip sensors enable highly sensitive analysis with minimal sample and reagent consumption.
Optical detection allows for rapid, visually interpretable, and multiplexed identification of various analytes.
Integration with smartphones facilitates real-time, decentralized diagnostics.

Conclusions:

Pipet tip-based sensors are evolving into multifunctional platforms for diverse applications like diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
These systems align with green analytical chemistry principles, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.
Their affordability, ease of use, and adaptability make them ideal for resource-limited settings and next-generation point-of-care technologies.