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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
Since the...

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L-RNA Aptamer-Based Tools for G-Quadruplex Structure: Identification, Characterization, and Application.

Danyang Ji1, Kun Zhang2, Maryana Yarshova2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.

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|September 30, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

L-RNA aptamers offer enhanced stability for targeting G-quadruplex structures in biological systems. These novel aptamers show promise for developing diagnostics and therapeutics for G-quadruplex-related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Aptamers, DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, face stability issues in biological settings.
  • L-RNA aptamers, using unnatural nucleotides, provide enhanced stability against nucleases.
  • L-RNA aptamers enable structure-based selection, crucial for targeting G-quadruplex (G4) structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply L-RNA aptamers for targeting functional G-quadruplex (G4) structures.
  • To enhance the efficiency, binding affinity, and specificity of aptamer selection for G4 targets.
  • To explore post-SELEX modifications for improved L-RNA aptamer functionality in various applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel L-RNA aptamer selection platforms.
  • Enhancement of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) for G4 structures.
  • Biophysical and biochemical characterization of aptamers.
  • Post-SELEX modifications including circularization and conjugation.

Main Results:

  • Established robust L-RNA aptamer selection platforms for G4 structures.
  • Demonstrated enhanced SELEX efficiency, binding affinity, and specificity.
  • Developed modified L-RNA aptamers (circular, conjugates) for in vitro, in-cell, and in vivo applications.
  • Showcased L-RNA aptamers' ability to regulate G4-mediated cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • L-RNA aptamer technology is advanced for accessibility, efficiency, and robustness.
  • L-RNA aptamers hold significant potential for diagnosing and treating diseases linked to G4 dysregulation.
  • Ongoing research aims to refine selection, characterization, modification, and applications of L-RNA aptamers.