[Musculoskeletal pain among surgeons]

Work-related musculoskeletal pain is common among surgeons, with up to 68% experiencing pain, mainly in the lower back, neck, and shoulders. Minimally invasive procedures increase the risk compared with open surgery, while robot-assisted techniques appear less harmful. Key physical risk factors include static postures, awkward positions, and long-lasting surgeries. Productivity, career longevity, and healthcare efficiency may be impacted. Preventive strategies lack strong evidence, highlighting the need for further research to develop effective and cost-efficient solutions as argued in this review.