Influencing Factors and Optimization Strategies of Bioinert Materials in the Process of Osseointegration

Bioinert materials are a type of biomaterial that remain stable in biological environments. In bone healing therapy, due to their nontoxicity and nonirritation to biological tissues, biologically inert materials are often used in orthopedic surgeries as medical implants for bone defect repair and support. These materials mainly include biologically inert ceramics, medical metals, and polymers. They provide stable support and protection during the bone tissue healing process and reduce inflammatory responses. By regulating the mechanical environment and biological properties, they influence cell behavior. However, improper use may delay or hinder bone integration. Rapid and stable bone integration at the bone-implant interface is the key to the successful implantation of bone implant materials. The specific impact also depends on the reasonable control of the characteristics of bioinert materials, modification methods, and implantation methods. These factors jointly affect the process and quality of each stage of osseointegration. This review mainly discusses the various effects of bioinert materials on osseointegration, focusing on the regulatory role of material surface characteristics (such as morphology, roughness, porosity), modification methods (such as surface coating, chemical modification), and external factors on the fusion of the bone-implant interface, emphasizing the appropriate parameters for optimizing the design of bioinert implant materials to promote bone healing.