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Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Cocrystals and Solvates are Not the Same: A Network Perspective.

Tom Edward de Vries1, Hugo Meekes1, Elias Vlieg1

  • 1Radboud University, Solid State Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|October 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cocrystals and solvates, types of multicomponent crystals, behave differently. Network analysis reveals they cannot be treated equally, impacting cocrystal and solvate prediction models.

Keywords:
CocrystalsCrystal engineeringNetwork analysisSolid‐state structuresSolvates

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Cocrystals and solvates are distinct multicomponent crystalline forms.
  • Cocrystals involve solid compounds, while solvates include solid and liquid components.
  • Understanding their differences is crucial for materials design and prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cocrystals and solvates can be analyzed using the same methodologies.
  • To determine the distinct network behaviors and predictive relevance between cocrystals and solvates.
  • To assess the efficacy of link prediction for both crystal types.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of networks where nodes represent compounds and links represent cocrystal or solvate formation.
  • Application of link prediction techniques to analyze network structures.
  • Comparative analysis of network properties between cocrystal and solvate datasets.

Main Results:

  • Significant behavioral differences were identified between cocrystal and solvate networks.
  • A clash between chemical and steric complementarity was observed in the solvate network.
  • Network analysis confirmed that cocrystals and solvates require separate treatment; information is not transferable.
  • Link prediction accuracy was poor for solvates, improving only after removing 14 specific solvents.

Conclusions:

  • Cocrystals and solvates are not interchangeable and necessitate distinct analytical approaches.
  • Network analysis provides insights into the unique formation principles of each crystal type.
  • Predictive models for cocrystals and solvates should be developed independently for optimal performance.