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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

Published on: August 30, 2007

EnGRAM: Engineering Open-Space Microfluidic Gradient Modulators.

Sofia Arshavsky-Graham¹, Alisa Da Silva^1,2, Jake Pringle¹

¹School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 2B9.

Analytical Chemistry

|October 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed EnGRAM, a 3D-printable device for creating dynamic microscale chemical gradients on labware surfaces. This technology offers real-time control over gradient formation for adaptable biological studies.

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A Gradient-generating Microfluidic Device for Cell Biology

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Microfluidic Chips Controlled with Elastomeric Microvalve Arrays

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Published on: February 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Microfluidics
Surface Science
Biomaterials

Background:

Traditional methods for creating chemical gradients are often static and lack real-time control.
Dynamic gradient generation is crucial for studying dynamic biological processes and adapting experiments in real-time.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel approach for dynamically generating and reconfiguring microscale gradients on labware surfaces.
To create a toolbox of devices (EnGRAM) for user-directed, real-time modulation of chemical gradients.

Main Methods:

Merging fluid mixing in microchannels with microfluidic scanning probe technology.
Utilizing a 3D printing-based rapid prototyping workflow for device fabrication.
Developing an analytical model for predicting concentration profiles.

Main Results:

Demonstrated real-time temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal control over gradient formation.
Achieved diverse concentration profiles (linear, exponential, Gaussian, stepwise) with feature dimensions as small as 75 μm.
Functional prototypes fabricated within approximately 20 minutes.

Conclusions:

EnGRAM devices offer a versatile platform for generating user-directed, real-time biomimetic gradients.
This technology opens new avenues for adaptive studies in chemical and biological systems.
The rapid prototyping and analytical model facilitate accessible gradient generation.