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Guidelines for Writing Outcome

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...

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Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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Choosing the Most Appropriate Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Hand Function: A Guide for Pediatric Hand

Holly Cordray¹, Miguel Fiandeiro¹, Sarah L Struble²

¹Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)

|October 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Finding the best patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for pediatric hand surgery is challenging. The Upper-Extremity Cerebral Palsy Profile of Health and Function Computerized Adaptive Test (UE-CP-PRO) and ABILHAND-Kids show promise but need improvement.

Keywords:

congenital hand differences hand hand injuries health care orthopedics outcome assessment patient-reported outcome measures pediatrics plastic surgery psychometrics

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Orthopedics
Rehabilitation Medicine
Health Outcomes Research

Background:

Lack of consensus on validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for pediatric hand surgery.
Frequent use of unvalidated ad-hoc surveys in current practice.
Need for standardized outcome assessment in pediatric hand surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and evaluate hand-function-focused PROMs for pediatric patients.
To identify the most suitable PROMs for assessing outcomes in pediatric hand surgery.
To guide the selection of a gold-standard PROM for this population.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus.
Independent study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment.
Psychometric evaluation using COnsensus-based Standards for selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN).
Content analysis incorporating Occupational Therapy Practice Framework and readability indices.

Main Results:

Thirty-three reports on 9 PROMs were included; limited validation for specific pediatric hand conditions (e.g., trauma, congenital differences).
The Upper-Extremity Cerebral Palsy Profile of Health and Function Computerized Adaptive Test (UE-CP-PRO) and ABILHAND-Kids demonstrated strong evidence of responsiveness to surgical outcomes.
Both UE-CP-PRO and ABILHAND-Kids exhibit high-quality validity for a broad age range and cover most hand function/occupational domains but failed readability standards.

Conclusions:

The UE-CP-PRO and ABILHAND-Kids are provisionally recommended as the strongest candidates for pediatric hand surgery outcomes.
Further revision of these measures is encouraged, focusing on comprehensive content, condition-specific adaptations, and improved readability for child self-reporting.
Development of a more inclusive PROM is warranted to address current limitations.