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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

SURROGATE SELECTION OVERSAMPLES EXPANDED T CELL CLONOTYPES.

Peng Yu¹, Yumin Lian², Elliot Xie³

¹Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

The Annals of Applied Statistics

|October 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surrogate selection enriches cell samples for specific genomic mutations without DNA sequencing. This statistical framework analyzes clonotype sizes to understand cell proliferation and somatic mutations in immunological studies.

Keywords:

Bayes’s rule clonal expansion diversity statistic enrichment exchangeable birth-death processes experimental design single cell sequencing size bias somatic mutation

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Genomics
Computational Biology

Background:

Surrogate selection is an experimental design for enriching cell samples based on genomic mutations.
This method can identify lymphocytes relevant to immune responses by tracking neutral mutations linked to clonal expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a statistical framework for analyzing surrogate selection data.
To quantify the properties of clonal subpopulations and somatic genomic alterations.

Main Methods:

Coupling within-clonotype birth-death processes with an exchangeable model across clonotypes.
Statistical analysis of clonotype sizes to model cell proliferation history.
Examining sampling properties of diversity statistics and developing new measures for genomic alterations.

Main Results:

The developed model provides a quantitative perspective on surrogate selection.
The framework allows for the study of sample diversity statistics and somatic mutation burden.
Illustrative calculations were performed for melanoma and T cell repertoire studies.

Conclusions:

Surrogate selection offers an efficient method for enriching cell samples in immunological studies.
The statistical framework enhances understanding of clonal dynamics and genomic alterations.
This approach has applications in diverse single-cell genomic and disease studies.