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Polydactyly and Risk of Cancer.

Matthew V Abola1, Logan M Good2,3,4, Kira L Smith2,3,4

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|October 2, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonsyndromic polydactyly is linked to higher rates of benign neoplasms in children. However, cancer risks for bone, cartilage, and breast were lower in these patients compared to controls.

Keywords:
cancercongenital anomaliesmalignancyoutcomespolydactyly

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Syndromic polydactyly is associated with increased cancer risk.
  • Limited data exist on cancer risk in nonsyndromic polydactyly.
  • This study investigates neoplasm rates in pediatric nonsyndromic polydactyly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neoplasm rates in pediatric patients with nonsyndromic polydactyly versus matched controls.
  • To identify potential associations between nonsyndromic polydactyly and subsequent malignancy.
  • To analyze site-specific cancer risks in relation to nonsyndromic polydactyly.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network database.
  • Identified pediatric patients (≤10 years) with polydactyly using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes.
  • Propensity-matched 14,361 patients with polydactyly to 14,361 controls for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The polydactyly cohort showed significantly higher rates of any neoplasm (3.3% vs. 2.6%) and benign neoplasms (2.6% vs. 2.2%).
  • No significant difference in overall malignant neoplasm rates was observed between cohorts.
  • Malignant neoplasms of bone, cartilage, and breast were significantly lower in the polydactyly cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Nonsyndromic polydactyly is associated with increased rates of neoplasms, especially benign types.
  • Site-specific cancers of bone, cartilage, and breast were decreased in patients with polydactyly.
  • Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between polydactyly and cancer risk.