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Movement Retraining using Real-time Feedback of Performance
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In-field temporospatial gait retraining adherence improves with music auditory cueing
Erin Lally1, Hayley Ericksen2, Razia Azen3
1Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
Journal of Sports Sciences
|October 3, 2025
Summary
Running gait retraining with music or a metronome improved step rate. Music-based gait retraining led to better adherence compared to metronome-based retraining, suggesting music enhances long-term practice.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- In-field gait retraining is a common sports medicine intervention.
- Metronomes are frequently used for auditory cueing in gait retraining.
- Runners often prefer music, and its absence may affect adherence and performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of music versus metronome auditory cueing for in-field gait retraining.
- To assess the impact of music on adherence to gait retraining protocols.
- To evaluate changes in step-rate accuracy and adherence between music and metronome groups.
Main Methods:
- Thirty healthy individuals were divided into music or metronome groups.
- Participants underwent initial gait retraining sessions and then practiced independently for one month, monitored remotely.
- Step-rate was measured pre- and post-intervention, with adherence assessed based on monthly activity logs.
Main Results:
- Both music and metronome groups demonstrated significant increases in step-rate from pretest to posttest (p < .001).
- A significant association was found between the type of auditory cueing and adherence (p = .045).
- The music group exhibited higher adherence to the in-field gait retraining protocol compared to the metronome group.
Conclusions:
- Both music and metronome auditory cueing are effective in increasing running step-rate.
- Music-based auditory cueing significantly enhances adherence to in-field gait retraining protocols.
- Integrating preferred music into gait retraining may improve long-term compliance and outcomes in runners.
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