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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...

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Related Experiment Video

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Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
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Published on: August 21, 2013

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A single-cell spatial transcriptomic census of human skin anatomy.

Paula Restrepo1,2,3, Alexis Wilder2,3, Aubrey Houser1,2,3

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|October 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Scientists mapped 1.2 million cells in human skin, revealing 45 cell types and 10 distinct multicellular neighborhoods across 15 body sites. This skin atlas highlights immune cell communication and disease-related disruptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The cellular and molecular organization of human skin across different body sites remains largely undefined.
  • Understanding skin's complex cellular landscape is crucial due to its role as the largest organ and its susceptibility to disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a spatially-resolved single-cell atlas of normal adult human skin.
  • To identify and map diverse cell types and their organization across multiple anatomic sites.
  • To investigate multicellular neighborhoods and their role in cell-cell communication and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 1.2 million cells from normal adult human skin across 15 anatomic sites.
  • Spatial transcriptomics to map cell locations and identify multicellular neighborhoods.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to define cell types, cell composition principles, and intercellular communication networks.

Main Results:

  • Localization of 45 distinct cell types across 15 anatomic skin sites.
  • Identification of 10 multicellular neighborhoods at each body site, defining local cell-cell communication.
  • Discovery of a perivascular neighborhood with significant immune-stromal crosstalk, resembling a homeostatic immune niche.
  • Mapping skin diseases revealed pathogenic disruptions in these neighborhoods, particularly pan-disease immune alterations in the perivascular niche.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, spatially-resolved atlas of human skin cellular organization has been created.
  • Principles of organ-wide cell diversity, specialization, and neighborhood-based communication have been defined.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding skin's multiscale organization and its disruption in disease, with implications for dermatology and immunology.