Periocular Reconstruction in Facial Trauma: Surgical Approaches and Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Periocular reconstruction after facial trauma addresses the intricate anatomy and essential functions of the eye region. This summary explores the epidemiology, classification, preoperative planning, timing, and reconstructive strategies for periocular injuries. Classification by the type of injury and the affected structure informs surgical approaches, supported by detailed imaging and clinical assessments. Timing of reconstruction ranges from immediate action in critical cases to delayed procedures when stability permits. Techniques like local flaps, grafts, microvascular transfers, and innovations such as 3D-printed implants are customized to each defect. Key priorities include restoring the eyelid margin, preserving the lacrimal system, and adapting to age-specific needs, such as in children or older adults. Multidisciplinary teamwork enhances perioperative care, focusing on infection control and inflammation management. While advances improve outcomes, challenges remain in standardizing results and determining optimal intervention timing, pointing to areas for future exploration in periocular trauma care.