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pH-Modulated Nanogaps in Self-Assembling Gold Nanoparticle Metasurface.

Xiwang Hou1, Tianhao Chen1, Minggang Zhao1

  • 1School of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for tunable optical properties using self-assembled nanoparticles. This approach enables real-time pH sensing with a responsive polymer coating.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Achieving real-time modulation of optical properties in tunable metamaterials is challenging.
  • Stimuli-responsive polymers offer potential for optical modulation and sensing applications due to their rapid response.
  • Nanoparticle (NP) self-assembly at liquid-liquid interfaces presents a novel platform for creating functional optical materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel approach for controlling interparticle spacing and enabling pH sensing.
  • To construct a plasmonic metasurface using nanoparticle self-assembly for optical modulation.
  • To investigate the pH-responsive behavior of polymer-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a plasmonic metasurface via self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) at a liquid-liquid interface.

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  • Analysis of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak position and reflectance to determine interparticle spacing.
  • Utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect pH-induced changes in nanoparticle interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated tunable interparticle distances ranging from 14 to 2.2 nm through pH-induced coupling and decoupling of plasmonic modes.
    • Achieved linear pH sensing over a broad range (pH 3 to 11) by monitoring changes in SERS spectra.
    • Validated the pH-responsive behavior of P4VP-modified AuNPs, showing reversible optical property modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed self-assembly method effectively controls interparticle spacing for tunable optical properties.
    • The P4VP-modified AuNP metasurface serves as a sensitive and reversible platform for real-time pH sensing.
    • This approach holds promise for advanced optical modulation and sensing applications.