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Managing Community-Based Psychiatric Emergencies: An Integrative Review.
Regina Woods1, Rif S El-Mallakh2
1School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
Community mental health emergency response models were evaluated. All models showed effectiveness, with Crisis Intervention Teams reducing injuries and arrests, and mobile crisis teams improving acceptance and follow-up care.
Area of Science:
- Emergency medicine
- Mental health services research
- Public health policy
Background:
- Community-based mental health emergencies require effective response strategies.
- Evaluating different models is crucial for optimizing care delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different community-based mental health emergency response models.
Main Methods:
- An integrative review of 192 relevant articles from PubMed.
- Analysis of three primary response models: Crisis Intervention Teams (CITs), Mobile Crisis Teams (MCTs), and Co-Response Teams (CRTs).
Main Results:
- All reviewed models (CITs, MCTs, CRTs) demonstrated effectiveness.
- CITs reduced officer/citizen injuries and arrests.
- MCTs showed higher public acceptance and improved outpatient follow-up but have scope limitations.
- CRTs combined benefits but lacked synergy.
Conclusions:
- Nursing involvement enhances the effectiveness and outcomes of MCTs and CRTs.
- Model selection should consider specific community needs and emergency types.
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