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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

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A point-of-care testing platform for non-enzymatic lactate determination.

Kamil Strzelak¹, Justyna Głowacka-Gudanek¹, Iwona Piętka¹

¹University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland.

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This study presents a new non-enzymatic point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for rapid lactate analysis. The novel system uses photoreduction and Ferrozine detection, offering a cost-effective alternative for lactate determination.

Keywords:

Cerebrospinal fluid Lactate Optoelectronic detector Photodegradation Point-of-care testing

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Lactate is a key metabolic indicator essential for diagnostics and monitoring treatment efficacy.
Current lactate analysis predominantly uses enzymatic methods in clinical analyzers and point-of-care testing (POCT) devices.
Enzymatic lactate assays, despite their sensitivity, face limitations such as high cost, short shelf-life, and poor stability, especially in POCT settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, non-enzymatic point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for rapid and accurate lactate determination.
To overcome the limitations associated with conventional enzymatic lactate analysis in POCT applications.
To introduce a miniaturized analytical system for lactate measurement using photoreduction and spectrophotometric detection.

Main Methods:

A non-enzymatic analytical system based on the photoreduction of iron(III)-lactate complexes.
Detection of reduced iron(II) using Ferrozine reagent.
Miniaturization achieved using 6 mm diameter cellulose and glass microfiber filter reaction disks.
An optoelectronic photometric system with an RGB LED emitter and photodiode detector for photoreduction and detection.

Main Results:

The developed POCT platform enables rapid lactate determination in cerebrospinal fluid within 50 seconds.
The system utilizes minimal sample and reagent volumes (a few microliters).
Analytical performance supports sample dilutions up to 100-fold, enhancing its applicability.

Conclusions:

The novel non-enzymatic POCT platform offers a promising, cost-effective, and stable alternative for lactate analysis.
The miniaturized design and rapid measurement capability make it suitable for point-of-care applications.
This approach addresses the limitations of current enzymatic methods, particularly in resource-limited or field settings.