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Global and Regional Trends in Hypertensive Heart Disease-Related Mortality: Insight from World Health Organization
Vikash Jaiswal1, Faisal Chowdhury2, Yusra Mashkoor3
1Department of Medicine, AMA School of Medicine, Makati, Philippines.
None:
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality across the globe. Unbalanced lifestyle, dietary patterns, and lack of awareness caused an increase in HHD and associated mortality. This study aims to explore global mortality trends in HHD patients and examines the disparities based on sex and regions across the globe. We obtained mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database for HHD from 2000 to 2019. Crude (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 individuals were calculated, and trends in average annual percentage change (AAPC) were analyzed using joinpoint regression. The analysis included 117 countries across 6 regions. There was a significant increase in global mortality associated with hypertensive disorder. CMR increased from 10.60 to 16.74 per 100,000 population (AAPC: 2.46%, 95% CI: 2.22% to 2.69%). While ASMR displayed a more modest increase (AAPC: 0.54%, 95% CI: 0.06% to 1.03%). There were also significant regional and sex-based variations in the mortality rate. North America and the Caribbean exhibited the highest increase in CMR (AAPC: 3.11%), while Asia displayed the highest ASMR in 2019 (15.01). ASMR also increased significantly in North America and the Caribbean (AAPC: 1.72%, 95% CI: 1.64% to 1.80%), and decreased in Europe (AAPC: -0.56%, 95% CI: -0.85% to -0.26%). Although females showed higher CMR overall, ASMR were higher in males (AAPC: 0.71%, 95% CI: 0.21% to 1.22%). In conclusion, HHD mortality rose globally from 2000 to 2019, with CMR and ASMR showing marked regional, age, and sex-specific disparities. North America and Asia exhibited the steepest increases, especially among older adults. Across all the regions, females had higher CMR, but males showed higher ASMR and steeper annual increases. Combined, these results suggest the need to improve region- and sex-specific public health initiatives targeted at blood pressure control.
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