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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Common variable immunodeficiency.

Xavier Solanich1, Arnau Antolí1, Laia Alsina2

  • 1Unidad de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.

Medicina Clinica
|October 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) presents heterogeneously beyond infections, including autoimmunity and lung disease. Identifying genetic causes offers prognostic, therapeutic, and counseling benefits for patients and families.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityAutoinmunidadCommon variable immunodeficiencyErrores innatos (congénitos) de la inmunidadInfeccionesInfectionsInmunodeficiencia común variableInmunodeficiencias primariasInnate (congenital) errors of immunityPrimary immunodeficiencies

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by B cell defects, hypogammaglobulinemia, and recurrent infections.
  • Clinical manifestations of CVID are highly heterogeneous, encompassing autoimmunity, interstitial lung disease, enteropathy, lymphoproliferation, and malignancy.
  • Management requires comprehensive immunological evaluation and multidisciplinary care to address diverse organ involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of CVID beyond infections.
  • To emphasize the importance of genetic diagnosis in CVID.
  • To discuss the implications of genetic findings for patient management and family counseling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches in CVID.
  • Discussion of the role of genetic analysis in understanding CVID.
  • Analysis of the impact of genetic identification on prognosis and therapy.

Main Results:

  • Infections, while common, improve with immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
  • Non-infectious complications represent a significant therapeutic challenge in CVID management.
  • Genetic identification aids in patient reclassification, prognosis, and targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • CVID management necessitates a broad approach addressing both infectious and non-infectious complications.
  • Genetic etiology is crucial for personalized medicine, prognostic assessment, and genetic counseling in CVID.
  • Multidisciplinary specialized care is essential for optimal patient outcomes in CVID.