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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

5.5K
The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
5.5K
Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...
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Electromagnetic Fields01:30

Electromagnetic Fields

2.7K
Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of...
2.7K
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

2.7K
If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
2.7K
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

1.6K
An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
1.6K
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

6.2K
Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
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TeV Solar Gamma Rays as a Probe for the Solar Internetwork Magnetic Fields.

Kenny C Y Ng1, Andrew Hillier2, Shin'ichiro Ando3,4

  • 1The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.

Physical Review Letters
|October 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-energy solar gamma rays detected by HAWC suggest strong magnetic fields beneath the Sun's surface. This finding offers a new way to study solar magnetism and its impact on space weather.

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Area of Science:

  • * Astrophysics
  • * Solar Physics
  • * Plasma Physics

Background:

  • * Recent detection of GeV to TeV solar gamma rays indicates cosmic rays are influenced by solar atmospheric magnetic fields.
  • * Existing physical models struggle to explain these high-energy gamma-ray observations.
  • * Solar magnetism is a primary driver of space weather phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To explain the origin of approximately 1 TeV solar gamma rays observed by the HAWC observatory.
  • * To investigate the role of sub-photospheric magnetic fields in solar gamma-ray production.
  • * To establish high-energy solar gamma rays as a novel tool for probing solar magnetism.

Main Methods:

  • * Development and application of a semianalytic model.
  • * Simulation of cosmic ray interactions within the solar atmosphere.
  • * Analysis of magnetic field configurations at and below the photosphere.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated that magnetic fields with a significant horizontal component beneath the photosphere can explain the observed ~1 TeV solar gamma rays.
  • * Identified a potential mechanism for the production of high-energy gamma rays.
  • * Showed consistency between model predictions and HAWC observations.

Conclusions:

  • * Sub-photospheric magnetic fields, particularly those with large horizontal components, are crucial for understanding high-energy solar gamma-ray emission.
  • * High-energy solar gamma rays provide a unique opportunity to probe the Sun's hidden magnetic field.
  • * This research enhances our understanding of solar magnetism and its influence on space weather.