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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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In vivo CRISPR biosensing.

Yanan Li1, Wen Zhao1, Yonghua Wu1

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, China Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China. zhangkx@zzu.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|October 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-based biosensors offer precise, real-time monitoring within living organisms. This review explores their design, applications in DNA/RNA imaging and disease tracking, and future potential in biology and medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • In vivo biosensing is crucial for real-time biological process monitoring.
  • CRISPR effectors provide programmable specificity for advanced biosensing.
  • CRISPR-based biosensors enable sensitive and target-specific detection in complex environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles, design strategies, and applications of in vivo CRISPR-based biosensors.
  • To highlight key approaches including sequence recognition, trans-cleavage, and genetic modulation.
  • To discuss critical design parameters and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-mediated sequence recognition strategies.
  • Analysis of CRISPR-driven trans-cleavage for signal amplification.
  • Examination of base and prime editors for sensing-coupled modulation.

Main Results:

  • In vivo CRISPR biosensing utilizes sequence recognition, trans-cleavage, and base/prime editors.
  • Applications include DNA/RNA imaging, molecule quantification, and lineage tracing.
  • Delivery strategies, intracellular dynamics, and signal amplification are key design parameters.

Conclusions:

  • In vivo CRISPR biosensing offers transformative potential for fundamental biology and clinical translation.
  • Addressing current challenges will further enhance sensor capabilities.
  • Future directions focus on expanding applications and improving sensor performance.