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Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) and Their Role in Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review.

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Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are linked to metabolic health. Elevated SCFAs correlate with obesity and inflammation, while supplementation may improve metabolic outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gut microbiome research
  • Metabolic health and disease
  • Nutritional biochemistry

Background:

  • Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are key microbial metabolites influencing host metabolism.
  • Altered SCFA production is implicated in metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes, but their precise role is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review human studies on fecal SCFA concentrations and their association with metabolic outcomes.
  • To synthesize current evidence regarding the role of SCFAs in metabolic health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library) up to June 2025.
  • Adherence to PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews.
  • Inclusion of seven studies (cross-sectional and interventional) with 1650 participants.

Main Results:

  • Elevated fecal SCFA levels were frequently associated with increased adiposity, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis.
  • Targeted SCFA supplementation (propionate, butyrate) showed potential to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce energy intake.
  • Moderate risk of bias was noted due to small sample sizes and varied measurement techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Fecal SCFAs serve as potential biomarkers and modulators of metabolic health.
  • Further large-scale, standardized longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causality and therapeutic potential in metabolic conditions.