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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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The Missing Link: Bridging Cognitive Fatigue with Working Memory.

Brodie E Mangan1, Dimitrios Kourtis1

  • 1University of Stirling.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active cognitive fatigue disrupts working memory (WM) brain oscillations. We developed WAND, an adaptive task, to precisely measure these disruptions and enable targeted interventions for fatigue detection and mitigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Cognitive fatigue impairs performance in critical situations but lacks precise definition and understanding.
  • Existing research often overlooks the role of working memory (WM) mechanisms in active fatigue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework for studying active fatigue through WM mechanisms, focusing on neurophysiological markers.
  • To introduce WAND, an adaptive task suite for standardized and robust induction and analysis of cognitive fatigue.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptualizing active fatigue as a disruption of theta/alpha-gamma oscillatory dynamics in WM.
  • Developing WAND (working-memory adaptive-fatigue with n-back difficulty), an open-source adaptive n-back task suite.
  • Utilizing multimodal logging and optional distractor probes for mechanistic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified theta/alpha-gamma oscillatory dynamics as potential markers of fatigue-induced WM breakdown.
  • WAND effectively reduces learning effects and maintains optimal cognitive challenge, enabling reliable fatigue induction.
  • The approach facilitates direct links between neural markers and performance declines.

Conclusions:

  • Active fatigue can be mechanistically understood as a disruption of WM oscillatory dynamics.
  • WAND provides a standardized protocol for fatigue research, enabling targeted, rhythm-specific interventions.
  • This research advances fatigue detection and mitigation through theoretically grounded neural markers and adaptive task design.