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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Retinal Vasculitis and Stroke Risk in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Marina Gad El Sayed1, Edmund Tsui2,3, Yousef Fouad4

  • 1School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|October 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and retinal vasculitis face a doubled stroke risk compared to those without the condition. Early detection of retinal vasculitis is crucial for managing stroke risk in SLE patients.

Keywords:
Cerebrovascular diseasemortalityretinal vasculitissystemic lupus erythematosusuveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Retinal vasculitis, an inflammation of retinal blood vessels, can occur in SLE patients.
  • The association between retinal vasculitis and cerebrovascular events in SLE requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the link between retinal vasculitis and the risk of cerebral stroke.
  • To assess the association between retinal vasculitis and mortality in patients with SLE.
  • To determine the long-term impact of retinal vasculitis on stroke risk and survival in SLE.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX research network.
  • Patients with SLE were divided into groups with and without retinal vasculitis.
  • Matched cohorts (n=540 each) were analyzed for stroke risk and mortality over 20 years using statistical models.

Main Results:

  • Patients with SLE and retinal vasculitis exhibited a significantly higher 20-year stroke risk (17.1%) compared to those without (7.5%).
  • The adjusted risk ratio for stroke in patients with retinal vasculitis was 2.19 (p=0.002).
  • Mortality rates over 20 years were similar between groups (8.3% with vs. 6.9% without retinal vasculitis, p=0.36).

Conclusions:

  • Retinal vasculitis is a significant independent risk factor for stroke in patients with SLE.
  • Early identification and management of retinal vasculitis are essential for preventing stroke in this population.
  • Ophthalmologic screening may play a vital role in the comprehensive care of SLE patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease.