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Self-Management Therapies for Temporomandibular Disorders-Evidence From Systematic Reviews
Tessa Bijelic1, Ambrosina Michelotti2, Rosaria Bucci2
1Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|October 8, 2025
Summary
Self-management therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) show promising results, including patient education, behavioral therapy, and jaw exercises. Further research is needed to address evidence gaps in quality of life and adverse effects.
Area of Science:
- Orofacial pain research
- Evidence-based medicine
- Systematic review methodology
Background:
- Chronic orofacial pain affects 10-15% of the population, often linked to temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
- Effective TMD management requires a biopsychosocial, patient-centered approach, with self-management strategies gaining attention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct an umbrella review evaluating existing systematic reviews (SRs) on self-management therapies for TMD.
- To synthesize the current evidence base regarding the efficacy of self-management for TMD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and Cochrane Library until December 2023.
- Inclusion of 11 SRs comprising 49 primary studies, assessed for risk of bias using AMSTAR 2.
- Adherence to PRISMA and PRIOR guidelines with a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42021276856).
Main Results:
- Six of the 11 included SRs reported favorable outcomes for self-management in TMD.
- Five SRs found insufficient evidence to support or refute self-management compared to other interventions.
- Identified evidence gaps related to quality of life and adverse effects, with methodological limitations in the reviewed SRs.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence suggests that self-management strategies, including patient education, behavioral therapy, and jaw exercises, are generally beneficial for TMD.
- The review highlights the need for higher-quality primary studies to strengthen the evidence base for TMD self-management.
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