Dynamic Hydrogel-Based Cytomimetic Models for Chemical Information Conduction

Micro- and nanoscale cytomimetic models are widely studied in catalysis, adhesion, compartmentalization, communication systems, and membrane regeneration considering the proximity effect. However, there are few reports of proximity effect on the chemical information communication behavior of large-sized cytomimetic models at ultra-long distances. Herein, cytomimetic models are prepared by encapsulating enzymes glucose oxidase (Gox), catalase (Cat), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in millimeter-sized spherical cavity hydrogels via a facile and efficient one-step method. Considering the proximity effect, the biocatalytic efficiency of the cascade reactions between two separated cavity hydrogels as cytomimetic models with corresponding enzymes is less than that carried out inside one cytomimetic model by 30.6%. Using them as two individual closed systems, Closed System I with cascade reactions by Gox and Cat can stabilize 66.7% of dissolved oxygen within 160 min at room temperature. In comparison, 14.5% less of the dissolved oxygen remains in Closed System II with cascade reactions by Gox and HRP within 150 min due to the low ability of cascade reaction to circulate dissolved oxygen. This study highlights a promising new route to design millimeter scale dynamic hydrogel-based cytomimetic models for various events, such as biosensing and controlled delivery.