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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task
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The action effect was not affected by cognitive load.

Guang Zhao1, Yuhao Duan1, Hanxu Wang1

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|October 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The action effect, where actions speed up target search, remains strong even under cognitive load. This finding clarifies the action effect

Keywords:
LPCN2pcaction effectcognitive loaddecoding

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • The action effect demonstrates how actions influence perception, accelerating target search when stimuli share features with prior actions.
  • Understanding the cognitive mechanisms of the action effect is crucial for its practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether cognitive load modulates the action effect.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying the action effect using electroencephalography (EEG).

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a task involving prime stimuli (colored color words) under conditions of congruent (no cognitive load) or incongruent (cognitive load) color-meaning relationships.
  • Behavioral data (response times) and electrophysiological data (EEG) were collected and analyzed.
  • Key neural markers, including N2pc, P300b, and late LPC, were examined.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral results confirmed the action effect, showing faster response times in action conditions.
  • The magnitude of the action effect was comparable across congruent and incongruent (cognitive load) conditions.
  • EEG data indicated enhanced attentional priority for acted-on stimuli but delayed response selection, with minimal neural differences between load conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The action effect is robust and remains intact even when cognitive resources are taxed by cognitive load.
  • These findings advance the understanding of the action effect's cognitive and neural underpinnings.
  • The results offer theoretical guidance for the application of the action effect in various contexts.