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Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
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Teaching Tip: The Role of Cognitive Task Analysis in Teaching Complex Skills Using Canine Fundoscopy as an Example.

Heidi E Banse1, Renee T Carter2, Jeremy S Redmond3

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 1200, Jonesboro, AR 72467.

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
|October 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Teaching complex veterinary skills like canine ophthalmoscopy requires more than just cognitive task analysis (CTA). Combining CTA with deliberate practice and feedback improves learning and retention for veterinary students.

Keywords:
educational methodsfundoscopyophthalmology

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Canine ophthalmoscopy is a difficult procedural skill to teach.
  • Traditional free recall methods may lead to incomplete skill instruction.
  • Cognitive task analysis (CTA) offers a structured approach to skill deconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of CTA in teaching complex procedural skills.
  • To explore the impact of combining CTA with other instructional strategies.
  • To improve learning and retention of canine ophthalmoscopy skills.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cognitive task analysis (CTA) to develop teaching protocols.
  • Implemented a single instructional session for skill acquisition.
  • Investigated the addition of deliberate practice, feedback, and deconstruction strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive task analysis alone showed limited learning benefits in a single session.
  • Combining CTA with deliberate practice and feedback enhanced skill acquisition.
  • Deconstruction strategies helped mitigate cognitive overload.

Conclusions:

  • A multifaceted instructional approach is superior to CTA alone for complex skills.
  • Integrating deliberate practice and feedback is crucial for effective veterinary education.
  • Further research is needed to optimize teaching complex procedural skills.