Asymmetric Janus Electrospun Nanofiber Wound Dressing Infused with Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Properties

Infection, sustained inflammation, and angiogenesis disorders delay skin wound healing. Consequently, there is a substantial demand for bioactive wound dressings that exhibit antibacterial properties, modulate inflammation, and facilitate wound healing. In this study, we developed a double-layer bioactive Janus electrospun nanofiber (ESF) dressing endowed with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The beaded hydrophobic outer layer acts as a physical barrier, preventing external fluids from contaminating the dressing and discouraging microbial attachment and growth. In contrast, the coaxial hydrophilic inner layer supports cell adhesion and migration. The results of the CCK-8 test and in vitro scratch wound healing assay of fibroblasts and endothelial cells demonstrated that the polycaprolactone/phycocyanin/chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)/ε-poly-l-lysine Janus ESF dressing increased cell viability and migration. The RAW264.7 macrophage phenotypic switching assay results indicated the anti-inflammatory effects of the dressing. The dressing also exhibited a satisfactory antibacterial effect. Herein, the bioactive Janus ESF dressing hold considerable promise for wound healing.