Immobilization Protocols of Nanozyme with Different Morphologies in Microfluidic Chips for Biosensing

Area of Science:

• * Nanotechnology and Materials Science
• * Chemical Engineering and Microfluidics
• * Analytical Chemistry and Biosensing

Background:

• * Microfluidic chips (MFCs) are efficient platforms for nanozyme-based cascade catalysis and continuous detection.
• * Immobilization strategies critically impact nanozyme catalytic performance by balancing activity and stability.
• * Nanozyme morphology influences immobilization efficiency and active site accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To propose tailored immobilization strategies for nanozymes with diverse morphologies (0D, 1D, 2D) in MFCs.
• * To investigate the relationship between nanozyme morphology, immobilization, and catalytic efficiency.
• * To develop an optimized microfluidic biosensor for enhanced dopamine detection.

Main Methods:

• * Synthesis and characterization of cobalt-doped carbon nanozymes with 0D, 1D, and 2D morphologies.
• * Immobilization of nanozymes within MFC channels, exploring different strategies.
• * Mechanistic studies to understand nanozyme-channel wall interactions and active site blockage.
• * Development and testing of a microfluidic biosensor for dopamine detection.

Main Results:

• * Immobilization primarily occurs via physical contact with MFC channel walls, potentially blocking active sites.
• * 1D and 2D nanozymes, with their extended structures, showed better immobilization and active site exposure than 0D nanozymes.
• * Binder incorporation was crucial for 0D nanozymes to prevent deep embedding and maximize surface exposure.
• * Optimized immobilization interfaces led to a microfluidic biosensor with enhanced stability and sensitivity for dopamine detection.

Conclusions:

• * Nanozyme morphology significantly affects immobilization outcomes and catalytic performance in MFCs.
• * Tailored immobilization strategies, considering morphology and binders, are essential for maximizing nanozyme efficiency.
• * This study provides a framework for designing practical nanozyme-modified MFC systems for various applications.