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Mechanistic Dissymmetry between Crystal Growth and Dissolution Drives Ratcheted Chiral Amplification.

Sjoerd W van Dongen1, Jin Maeda2,3, Bernard Kaptein4

  • 1AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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|October 8, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral amplification occurs during crystallization cycles. A dissymmetry between crystal growth and dissolution drives this process, offering insights for optimizing chiral separation techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallization science
  • Chiral technology

Background:

  • Chiral amplification via crystallization-induced deracemization is widely used but poorly understood.
  • The underlying mechanism of solid-phase chiral amplification remains a significant knowledge gap.
  • Insufficient understanding hinders optimization and broader application of chiral amplification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally dissect the contributions of crystal growth and dissolution to chiral amplification.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of crystallization-induced deracemization.
  • To provide guidance for optimizing chiral amplification and deracemization efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental dissection of crystal growth and dissolution contributions.
  • Application of mass-balance principles to analyze crystal dynamics.
  • Investigation across varying solution-phase racemization rates.

Main Results:

  • A consistent dissymmetry was observed between enantiomer population growth and dissolution.
  • This dissymmetry was independent of the racemization rate.
  • A fundamental difference in growth and dissolution mechanisms was identified.

Conclusions:

  • A ratchet effect, driven by asymmetric growth and dissolution, enables chiral amplification.
  • Understanding these distinct mechanisms is key to optimizing chiral crystallization processes.
  • Separately optimizing growth and dissolution steps can maximize chiral amplification and deracemization efficiency.