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Establishing of a National Diagnostic Reference Level for Radiation Dose in Digital Paediatric Pelvic X-Rays in

Malak AlHawadi1, Mohammad Ayasrah1

  • 1Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.

Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety
|October 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study established a national benchmark for paediatric pelvic X-ray radiation doses in Jordan. The 75th percentile Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) was found to be 0.612 mGy, aiding in radiation dose optimization for children.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Radiation Protection

Background:

  • Paediatric pelvic X-rays are crucial for diagnosing conditions but involve radiation risks.
  • Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) are vital for optimizing safety and image quality in paediatric radiography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a National Dose Reference Level (NDRL) for digital paediatric pelvic X-rays in Jordan.
  • To optimize radiation doses, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and minimize risks in paediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective analysis of 1,674 paediatric Anterior-Posterior (AP) digital pelvic X-rays from 12 Jordanian institutions.
  • Collection of parameters like Kilovoltage peak (kVp), milli Ampere second (mAs), and Focal to Skin Distance (FSD).
  • Indirect calculation of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) following international guidelines.

Main Results:

  • The mean ESD was 0.69 mGy.
  • The overall 75th percentile ESD (DRL) was determined to be 0.612 mGy.
  • Age-specific DRLs were established: 0.265 mGy (0-<1 yr), 0.382 mGy (1-<5 yrs), 0.704 mGy (5-<10 yrs), and 0.995 mGy (10-≤15 yrs).

Conclusions:

  • Significant age-dependent variations and inter-institutional disparities in radiation doses were observed.
  • The established NDRL of 0.612 mGy serves as a benchmark for dose optimization in Jordan.
  • Findings support the development of national radiation protection policies and improved paediatric imaging practices.
Abstract

Keywords:
DRLsJordandose optimisationdose reference levelsmedical imagingpaediatric radiographyradiation safety

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