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Published on: April 21, 2019
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Immunoassay-based biomarkers in atopic dermatitis.
Khalid Orayj1, Vijay Paul Samuel2, Shakir Saleem3
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Summary
New biomarkers show greater clinical utility than traditional markers for diagnosing atopic dermatitis (AD). This review assesses immunoassay-based biomarkers to improve precision medicine and personalized care for AD patients.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Dermatology
- Laboratory Medicine
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition affecting millions globally, causing pruritus, skin barrier defects, and immune imbalance.
- AD significantly impacts quality of life and incurs substantial healthcare costs.
- Current diagnostic methods like SCORAD and EASI lack precision for diverse AD phenotypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review immunoassay-based biomarkers for AD diagnosis and precision medicine.
- To assess the clinical validity and implementation requirements of novel biomarkers.
- To identify biomarkers that complement existing severity assessments.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of immunoassay-based biomarkers (TARC/CCL17, IL-13, IL-22, IL-31, SCCA1/SCCA2, periostin).
- Evaluation of various testing methods (ELISA, multiplexing, proximity extension, digital assays) using serum, plasma, and skin samples.
- Assessment of analytical validation parameters and clinical performance using AUC and likelihood ratios.
Main Results:
- Novel biomarkers demonstrate superior clinical utility compared to conventional markers (total IgE, eosinophils, tryptase).
- Various immunoassay techniques show potential for biomarker detection.
- Standardization of sample collection and validation metrics are crucial for clinical implementation.
Conclusions:
- Reliable AD biomarker tests are essential for enhancing precision medicine and personalized care.
- Standardized methods, reference intervals, and validated cut-off values are critical for integrating new biomarkers.
- Evidence-based implementation of biomarker tests will improve AD treatment strategies.
