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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

THYROID NODULE FREQUENCY AND MALIGNANCY RISK ACCORDING TO ATA- 2015 AND ACR-TI-RADS CLASSIFICATION IN OBESE PATIENTS.

Z Yarar¹, H Çalişkan Burgucu², M Can³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat.

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)

|October 10, 2025

Summary

Obesity is linked to a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules. However, obesity does not increase the malignancy risk of these thyroid nodules, according to established ultrasonographic classification systems.

Keywords:

Thyroid nodule obesity thyroid ultrasonography

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Radiology
Oncology

Background:

Obesity is a growing global health concern.
Thyroid nodules are common, and their evaluation relies on imaging and risk stratification.
Understanding the relationship between obesity and thyroid nodule characteristics is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare thyroid nodule ultrasound findings, frequency, and malignancy risk between obese and non-obese individuals.
To evaluate the utility of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) in assessing nodules in these groups.

Main Methods:

A comparative study included 111 obese subjects and 111 age- and sex-matched non-obese controls.
Thyroid nodule malignancy risk was assessed using ATA and ACR-TIRADS classification systems.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and cytopathological evaluation (Bethesda system) were performed on suspicious nodules.

Main Results:

No significant differences were observed in age, sex, TSH levels, or thyroid volumes between the groups.
Thyroid nodules were detected in 32.4% of obese subjects versus 19.8% of controls (p=0.046).
The malignancy risk of thyroid nodules did not differ between obese and non-obese subjects based on ultrasonographic classifications.

Conclusions:

Obese individuals exhibit a higher frequency of thyroid nodules compared to non-obese individuals.
Ultrasonographic classification systems (ATA and ACR-TIRADS) indicate no increased malignancy risk for thyroid nodules in obese patients.
Further research may explore the underlying mechanisms linking obesity to increased nodule prevalence without altering malignancy potential.