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A Size-Determined Growth Rule Enables Well-Preserved Silver-Gold Core-Shell Nanocubes for Reliable Surface-Enhanced

Yutian Lei1, Yakun Shi1, Ping Li1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.

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|October 10, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method for creating stable silver-gold core-shell nanocubes for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) bioanalysis. The developed SERS biosensor shows promise for accurate cancer diagnosis using miRNA profiling.

Keywords:
Ag@Au core−shell nanocubesSERSbiosensorlayer epitaxial growthmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates face limitations in sensitivity, stability, and homogeneity.
  • Silver-gold core-shell nanocubes (Ag@Au NCs) offer high SERS activity and stability but are difficult to synthesize uniformly due to core etching during shell formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for synthesizing well-preserved Ag@Au NCs by understanding and controlling gold shell deposition.
  • To create a highly reproducible and stable SERS substrate for sensitive bioanalysis.
  • To demonstrate the application of this SERS platform in a portable biosensor for disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated three distinct growth modes of gold shell deposition on silver nanocubes (Ag NCs).
  • Established a size-determined growth rule favoring layer epitaxial growth for intact Ag@Au NCs.
  • Assembled uniform Ag@Au NCs into ordered 2D substrates and integrated them with DNA-based detection for a SERS biosensor cartridge.

Main Results:

  • Identified layer epitaxial growth as the exclusive mode for synthesizing well-preserved Ag@Au NCs from larger Ag NCs, preventing core etching.
  • Achieved Ag@Au NCs with excellent batch-to-batch consistency, prolonged chemical stability (>180 days), and high SERS activity (enhancement factor >10^7).
  • Developed a portable SERS biosensor cartridge demonstrating high signal reproducibility (RSD = 4.96%) for multiplexed miRNA profiling in human plasma.

Conclusions:

  • The size-determined growth rule enables the reliable synthesis of uniform and stable Ag@Au NCs for SERS applications.
  • The developed SERS biosensor platform exhibits significant potential for accurate and reliable disease diagnosis, such as cervical cancer staging.
  • The modular cartridge design offers versatility for various biomedical applications.