Mineral chelating peptides derived from walnut protein: preparation, absorption pathways, and bioavailability

Walnut meal is rich in walnut protein, and walnut protein-derived mineral chelating peptides are regarded as a superior choice for enhancing bioavailability and have the potential to be innovative mineral-fortified functional supplements. The current research status of walnut protein mineral chelating peptides in terms of manufacture, chelation mechanism, and biological functions is reviewed. It is worth that the application of machine learning in the screening of walnut peptides can substantially enhance the purification efficiency of chelated peptides. Furthermore, variations in the chelation sites and methods employed for different minerals in conjunction with walnut peptides result in distinct chelation mechanisms and absorption pathways for these peptides. In addition, walnut protein-mineral chelated peptides exhibit bioavailability, stability, antioxidant and antitumour properties. However, cellular and animal experiments are needed to evaluate the safety and incorporate computer-assisted techniques for in-depth elaboration of the chelation mechanism. In the future, the commercial application of walnut protein mineral chelated peptides is achieved by exploring energy efficient and green production methods.