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Nanopore-based sensing for biomarker detection: from fundamental principles to translational diagnostics
Narlawar Sagar Shrikrishna1,2, Sonu Gandhi3,4
1BRIC-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
|October 11, 2025
Summary
Nanopore sensing offers sensitive, label-free detection of single molecules for disease diagnosis. Recent advances enhance specificity and enable portable, point-of-care health monitoring tools for precision medicine.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Biosensing
- Molecular Diagnostics
Background:
- Nanopore sensing provides label-free, single-molecule analysis via ionic current monitoring.
- Recent advancements have expanded nanopore applications to diverse biomolecules and complex biological samples.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in nanopore biosensing technology (last 5 years).
- To highlight improvements in detection performance, specificity, and clinical applications.
Main Methods:
- Focuses on recognition strategies, engineered pore chemistries, and advanced data analysis techniques.
- Reviews developments in nanopore fabrication and surface engineering.
Main Results:
- Enhanced detection sensitivity and specificity for various biomarkers.
- Expanded analytical scope from nucleic acids to small metabolites.
- Progress towards portable, point-of-care diagnostic systems.
Conclusions:
- Nanopore biosensing is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential for early disease detection.
- Developments bridge fundamental research and clinical diagnostics for precision medicine.
- Future holds promise for accessible, rapid health monitoring tools.
