Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

632
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
632
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

2.3K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
2.3K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.4K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

1.9K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.9K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.0K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.0K
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

2.0K
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The micro-phenomenology of Floatation-REST.

BMC complementary medicine and therapies·2026
Same author

Tracking Flow in Real Time: Continuous Measurement of Game-Induced Flow in Virtual Reality.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Memory encoding for new information, not autobiographical memory load, is linked with age-related differences in subjective time passage over the past decade.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same author

Echoes of time: Organization of episodic autobiographical memories in the brain according to their remoteness.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Validation of the immersion in digital life and quality of digital experience scales in German, French, Spanish, Polish and Czech.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Subtle alterations of autobiographical memory and spatiotemporal processing in subjective cognitive decline.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026
Same journal

Meaning in life and biological functioning: A multisystem synthesis and agenda for future research.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Beyond Diagnosis: Why and How Virtual Reality Should be Used in Research on Neurodevelopmental Conditions?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

What eye-movements tell us about Disorders of Consciousness?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Systematic Review of Tactile-Based Interventions Combined with Multisensory Stimulation Protocols in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Exploring the prognostic value of resting state brain activity in Disorders of Consciousness: A coordinate-based meta-analysis.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

From microstates to macroscales: A critical review of maximum entropy modeling and energy landscape analysis in functional MRI.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.3K

How the body and brain process time.

Alice Teghil1, Marc Wittmann2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|October 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective time perception involves the insular cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA). This review highlights how bodily and emotional self-aspects, processed by the insula, influence our sense of time.

Keywords:
EmotionsInsulaInteroceptionSensorimotor processingSomatic signalsTime perception

More Related Videos

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course
11:33

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

43.9K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

17.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.3K
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course
11:33

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

43.9K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

17.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Recent meta-analyses identify the insular cortex and supplementary motor area (SMA) as key regions for subjective time processing.
  • The insula is recognized as the primary sensory interoceptive cortex, integrating bodily signals.
  • Subjective time judgments are increasingly linked to bodily sensations and emotional states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking subjective time perception to interoception and emotional self-awareness.
  • To emphasize the underappreciated role of the insula in time perception.
  • To propose a model where time perception relies on the integration of bodily and environmental information.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of electrophysiological and psychophysiological data.
  • Examination of neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric research findings.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence supports the role of the insula and SMA in subjective time judgments.
  • Bodily and emotional aspects of the self are integral to time perception.
  • The insula processes internal bodily signals crucial for time awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective time perception is rooted in the brain's processing of interoceptive and emotional information.
  • The insula and SMA are critical for integrating bodily states with environmental interactions to perceive time.
  • Further research should explore the insula's specific contributions to time perception and duration judgments.