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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

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Published on: November 8, 2012

A Nonlinear Single Channel Gradient Insert for Prostate Diffusion Imaging.

Nahla M H Elsaid^1,2, Horace Z Zhang¹, Ates Fettahoglu^1,3

¹Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|October 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates that nonlinear "inside-out" gradients are safe and effective for human diffusion encoding. The novel hardware enables accurate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping in targeted organs.

Keywords:

diffusion magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance imaging nonlinear gradient coil prostate ADC mapping

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Diffusion encoding in MRI is crucial for tissue characterization.
Conventional gradient coils have limitations in generating strong, localized gradients.
Novel gradient coil designs are needed for advanced MRI applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the technical performance, feasibility, and safety of a nonlinear "inside-out" gradient coil for human diffusion encoding.
To assess the gradient coil's ability to generate strong gradients for targeted organs, such as the prostate.
To determine if standard calibration methods are effective for this novel gradient system.

Main Methods:

Characterization of spatial, temporal, mechanical, and acoustic properties of the gradient coil.
Acquisition of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping data in phantoms and human subjects.
Assessment of heating, noise, eddy currents, and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS).

Main Results:

The gradient coil achieved high gradient strengths (>200 mT/m) suitable for prostate imaging.
Heating, noise, and eddy currents were within acceptable limits for human scanning.
Accurate ADC mapping was achieved in phantoms and humans, with no reported PNS.

Conclusions:

Nonlinear "inside-out" gradients can be effectively calibrated using conventional techniques.
This hardware offers a convenient method for strong diffusion weighting in targeted organs.
The system demonstrates feasibility and safety for human diffusion encoding applications.