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Gut Microbiota Modulation in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Systematic Review.

Umer Qureshi1, Ali Bajwa2, Zohaib Aslam3

  • 1General and Colorectal Surgery, The Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, GBR.

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|October 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbiota interventions like probiotics and high-fiber diets improve cardiometabolic health in type 2 diabetes. These strategies effectively manage glucose levels and reduce heart disease risk factors.

Keywords:
cardiometabolic riskglycemic controlgut microbiotaprebioticsprobioticstype 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm)

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic disease
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are linked to gut microbiota alterations.
  • Understanding the impact of gut health interventions is crucial for managing T2DM and associated risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, high-fiber diets, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cardiometabolic health in T2DM.
  • To assess the impact of these interventions on glycemic control, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota composition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (2005-2025).
  • Quality assessment using Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) and evidence appraisal via Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
  • Analysis of 15 RCTs evaluating interventions like probiotic yogurt, high-fiber diets, Mediterranean diets, and FMT.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic yogurt (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis) improved lipid profiles (reduced LDL-C, total cholesterol).
  • High-fiber diets consistently lowered fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, and LDL-C, while increasing HDL-C and beneficial bacteria.
  • Interventions demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, reduced cardiometabolic risk markers (e.g., Framingham risk scores), and modulated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and bile acid metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics and high-fiber diets, show significant promise for improving glycemic control and reducing cardiometabolic risk in T2DM patients.
  • Further research into novel mechanisms involving SCFAs and bile acid metabolism can optimize these therapeutic strategies.