Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration
Published on: July 14, 2023
Exploring the Rheology and Clinical Potential of Calcium Hydroxylapatite-Hyaluronic Acid Hybrids
Ewelina Kaczuba1, Nabil Fakih-Gomez2, Jonathan Kadouch3
1Filler and Medical Device Development, Merz Aesthetics GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany.
Background:
Combining calcium hydroxylapatite-carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) with hyaluronic acid (HA) products using Cohesive Polydensified Matrix (CPM) technology leverages the volumizing and hydrating effects of HA and draws upon the regenerative properties of CaHA-CMC, providing a potentially synergistic approach in aesthetic filling treatments. Despite this potential, the rheological and physical properties of these hybrid fillers remain unreported.
Objective:
To characterize the rheological properties of CaHA-CMC blended with various CPM-HA products and identify factors influencing their physical and clinical behavior.
Methods:
Hybrid fillers were prepared by mixing CaHA-CMC with different CPM-HA products at varying ratios (1:1 to 1:4 syringe CaHA:syringe CPM). Rheological properties, including storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″), complex shear modulus (G*), tan delta (tan δ), and complex viscosity (η*), were measured using an oscillatory rheometer. Extrusion force, cohesivity, stability, and axial strain (εa) were also evaluated.
Results:
The rheological properties of the hybrid fillers varied with the type of HA, mixing ratio, and crosslinking degree. Higher HA concentrations increased G', G″, and η*, enhancing gel stiffness and resistance to deformation, while increased HA dilution and lower crosslinking favored spread and injectability. The addition of CaHA-CMC to CPM-HA products always increased the G' in a volume-dependent manner. These properties were closely correlated with the fillers' performance in different tissue planes.
Conclusions:
The properties of CaHA-CMC and CPM-HA hybrids influence their injection behavior and clinical outcomes. Understanding these factors can guide filler selection and application techniques to maximize safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction in aesthetic treatments.
Related Concept Videos
Rapid Identification of Pathogens
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Special Staining Techniques
Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture
Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is an integral part of sputum studies. It involves the staining of sputum, which permits...
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2 and HCO3− values are examined to...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

