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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
Mechanical Protein Function01:58

Mechanical Protein Function

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
Machines01:19

Machines

Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
Planar Rigid-Body Motion01:22

Planar Rigid-Body Motion

Understanding the movement of a rigid body in planar motion involves recognizing that every particle within this body is traversing a path that maintains a consistent distance from a specific plane. This concept is fundamental in the study of physics and mechanical engineering, and it allows us to comprehend better how objects move in space.
Planar motion is typically divided into three distinct categories. The first is rectilinear translation, demonstrated by a subway train that moves along...
Wind Turbine Machine Models01:24

Wind Turbine Machine Models

In the growing field of wind energy, incorporating wind turbine models into transient stability analysis is essential. Induction and synchronous machines are the primary models used, with induction machines being prevalent due to their simplicity and reliability.
Induction machines interact through the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator and the rotor. The key parameter is slip, which is the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed relative to synchronous speed. Slip is...
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components
08:17

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Magnetic sheet-shaped hydrogel robots with multiple motion modes and assembly behavior.

Jingzhe Liu1, Xi Chen1, Chenyao Tian1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin 150080, China. haoz@hit.edu.cn.

Soft Matter
|October 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodegradable magnetic microrobots (MSHRs) offer wireless, precise control for biomedical tasks. These robots exhibit multimodal locomotion and collective behaviors, enhancing their adaptability and performance in complex environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Microrobots offer wireless manipulation for precise tasks in confined biomedical environments.
  • Current microrobots face challenges in obstacle crossing, locomotion modes, and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biodegradable magnetic sheet-shaped hydrogel robot (MSHR) with enhanced locomotion and control.
  • To investigate the multimodal motion capabilities and collective behaviors of MSHRs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of MSHRs using a simple extrusion process.
  • Characterization of four distinct motion modes: tumbling, rolling, spinning, and walking.
  • Investigation of MSHR assembly into dimeric structures and their motion performance.
  • Implementation of a vision-guided control strategy for path tracking.

Main Results:

  • MSHRs demonstrated flexible conversion between four stable motion modes.
  • Dimeric MSHRs showed improved motion and obstacle-crossing abilities compared to individual robots.
  • Vision-guided control enabled precise path tracking for individual and dimeric MSHRs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MSHR offers multimodal locomotion, stable collective behaviors, and precise motion control.
  • These capabilities provide innovative solutions for biomedical applications like targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery.