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Executive functioning in adolescents with internalizing disorders: a systematic review.

Géraldine P Fontaine1, Kimberly V Blake2, Nastassja Koen2,3

  • 1Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. geraldine.fontaine@uct.ac.za.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Internalizing disorders in adolescents are linked to executive functioning (EF) difficulties. Both objective task performance and subjective ratings reveal EF challenges, suggesting rating-based measures are valuable for clinical insights.

Keywords:
AdolescentsExecutive functioningInternalizing disordersNeuropsychology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Internalizing disorders (INTs), such as anxiety (AD) and depressive disorders (DD), commonly emerge during adolescence.
  • Executive functioning (EF) domains, including inhibition, shifting, and working memory (WM), may be selectively impaired in adolescents with INTs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the evidence on the association between internalizing disorders and executive functioning in adolescents.
  • To evaluate task-based and rating-based measures of EF in relation to INTs.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of major databases (Medline, Psych-INFO, Scopus, Web of Science) was conducted in May 2023.
  • Included studies focused on adolescents (12-17) with AD or DD, analyzing EF parameters from 32 eligible articles published since 2014.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with DD most consistently showed lower task-based inhibition.
  • Findings for other EF domains and INTs were mixed, with some studies showing improved inhibition in OCD and AD.
  • Self- or parent-rated EF indicated difficulties across domains, contrasting with intact performance on some task-based measures.

Conclusions:

  • Internalizing disorders in adolescents are associated with both objective and subjective executive functioning difficulties.
  • There is no conclusive evidence for selective domain-specific EF differences across all INTs.
  • Rating-based EF measures may be more sensitive to subtle difficulties and offer added value in research and clinical settings.