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Vitamins01:30

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
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Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children.

Piali Mandal1, Jagdish Chandra2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion : an Official Journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin B12 deficiency causes anemia, pancytopenia, and neurological issues, especially in children. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications and support growth.

Keywords:
Holo-TranscobalamineInfantile tremor syndromeMegaloblastic anemiaMethylmelonic acidPancytopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Hematology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency presents significant global health challenges.
  • It is a leading cause of nutritional anemia in children, alongside iron deficiency.
  • Deficiency impacts myelin synthesis, leading to neurological manifestations and potentially affecting somatic growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment of Vitamin B12 deficiency.
  • To discuss factors contributing to the increasing global incidence and prevalence of this deficiency.
  • To highlight the importance of timely intervention for neurological and growth-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a comprehensive literature review.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on Vitamin B12 deficiency from various sources.
  • The review covers epidemiological data, clinical presentations, diagnostic algorithms, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency commonly presents as macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia or pancytopenia.
  • Neurological manifestations are a significant consequence, with potential for long-term impairment if treatment is delayed.
  • Emerging evidence points to a role of Vitamin B12 in somatic growth.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency requires a thorough diagnostic approach and timely treatment to mitigate severe hematological and neurological outcomes.
  • Addressing the increasing global prevalence necessitates understanding its multifactorial causes.
  • Early management is key to preventing irreversible complications and supporting normal development.