Recent advances in immunotherapy for breast cancer

Cancer immunotherapy is now defined as enhancing the immune function of patients through active or passive methods, such as biological therapy, to achieve the goal of killing tumor cells. With increasing morbidity and mortality rates annually, breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in the world in 2023, surpassing lung cancer, colon cancer and stomach cancer. Immunotherapy plays an important role in treating BC and provides patients with other new options. Numerous studies have recognized the feasibility of immunotherapy in BC, and many innovative treatment methods have been proposed. In this article, we review the advances in and types of treatments for BC, especially the challenges and opportunities in integrating these therapies, a topic that has not been systematically explored in previous studies, with the aim of providing a reference for clinical treatment.