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Related Concept Videos

Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Gene Therapies in Atrial Fibrillation.

Cian O'Donnell1, Aleksei Mikhailov1, Shin Yoo1

  • 1Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gene therapy shows promise for treating atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common heart arrhythmia. However, challenges in delivery and immune response prevent FDA approval, hindering clinical translation for this cardiac condition.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationElectrical remodelingGene therapyOxidative stressStructural remodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology and Gene Therapy
  • Molecular basis of cardiac arrhythmias

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia with suboptimal current treatments.
  • Gene therapy presents a novel therapeutic avenue for modulating AF's underlying molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical gene therapy strategies for atrial fibrillation.
  • To identify key targets and delivery methods for AF gene therapy.
  • To highlight challenges impeding the clinical translation of AF gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies on viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors.
  • Analysis of atrial-specific delivery techniques.
  • Examination of therapeutic targets including ion channels, fibrosis, and oxidative stress.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical studies demonstrate promising results using various gene therapy approaches.
  • Successful modulation of ion channels, fibrosis, and oxidative stress has been observed.
  • Significant challenges remain in achieving effective atrial targeting and immune control.

Conclusions:

  • Gene therapy holds potential for treating atrial fibrillation by targeting its molecular drivers.
  • Overcoming hurdles in atrial targeting, immune response, and long-term gene expression is crucial.
  • Bridging the translational gap is essential for developing FDA-approved AF gene therapies.