AI in Robotic-assisted Pediatric Surgery: Current Applications and Future Directions

Area of Science:

• Surgical Technology
• Pediatric Surgery
• Artificial Intelligence

Background:

• Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is established in pediatric practice.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential for enhanced surgical decision-making, precision, and efficiency.
• Unique challenges in pediatric surgery necessitate specialized approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of AI in pediatric RAS.
• To outline existing evidence, benefits, limitations, and future prospects of AI in this field.

Main Methods:

• A literature search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted up to July 2025.
• Included studies focused on AI applications in pediatric RAS, with consideration for adult RAS and training studies with translational potential.
• 15 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria after initial screening of 746 papers.

Main Results:

• Direct AI application in pediatric RAS is currently limited.
• AI-like features, such as machine vision and augmented reality, primarily function as supportive tools.
• AI is not yet utilized for autonomous decision-making in pediatric RAS.

Conclusions:

• While direct AI integration is nascent, AI-like technologies are enhancing pediatric RAS.
• Ongoing research indicates significant future potential for AI in pediatric robotic surgery.
• Further development is needed to realize AI's full capabilities in this specialized surgical field.