Augmented Reality-Based Exercise for Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Physical Function and Mobility

Maintaining physical and functional health is crucial for the independence of older adults. This study examined whether augmented reality (AR)-based exercise improves physical and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 older adults (≥65 years), randomly assigned to an AR-based exercise group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The intervention involved a 6-week AR-based movement and cognitive training program, performed three times per week for 30 min per session. Participants in the control group did not participate in the AR-based training program and were instructed to continue their usual daily activities. No specific restrictions were placed on their engagement in other physical activities during the study period. Primary outcomes included assessments of lower limb function, pulmonary capacity, body composition, and cognitive function.

The AR-exercise group showed significant improvements in Timed Up and Go (p < .01), One-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test (p < .05), maximal inspiratory pressure (p < .01), and maximal expiratory pressure (p < .01). No significant changes were observed in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test, pulmonary capacity, or cognitive function. The control group improved in maximal expiratory pressure (p < .01) and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (p < .01), but leg muscle mass significantly decreased (p < .05).

AR-based exercise improves physical fitness, especially lower limb and respiratory muscle function, in older adults. These findings support its potential to promote functional health and mobility in aging populations. Significance/Implications: With growing demand for engaging rehabilitation strategies, AR-based exercise programs could support healthy aging and independent living in clinical and community settings.